For years, scientists from the Department and Division of Microbiology at Wrocław Medical University (UMW), in collaboration with other university units, have been studying the so-called gut-brain axis. The result of their research shows that the condition of our gut microbiota has a direct impact on brain health, and consequently on cognitive abilities, mood, and the risk of neurodegenerative diseases.
The UMW research team found that even very low concentrations of endotoxins can affect microglia—the cells that act as “guardians” of neurons. Disruption in microglial function leads to dysregulation throughout the brain and, over the long term, may contribute to the development of diseases such as dementia, Parkinson’s, and Alzheimer’s.
The research conducted in Wrocław also includes analysis of the impact of metabolic endotoxemia on the vascular endothelium. Scientists observe that in the presence of endotoxins and saturated fatty acids, endothelial cells undergo changes that increase their susceptibility to atherosclerosis. Currently, the team is also studying the role of microRNA—molecules that regulate gene expression—in this process. The studies cover both peripheral blood vessel cells and, in following stages, cells forming the blood-brain barrier, which is crucial for understanding the development of neurodegenerative diseases.
Another interesting area of research is endothelial exosomes—microscopic vesicles that can carry miRNA molecules and influence other cells, including immune system cells. This may explain how gut condition affects overall inflammation in the body and brain functions.
The conclusions from these studies are clear: to care for the brain, we should primarily take care of a diet that supports healthy gut microbiota. Key are vegetables—especially green leafy ones—and fermented products such as pickled vegetables, kefir, and yogurt, which naturally provide probiotics. However, scientists emphasize that probiotic supplementation in tablet form should be used cautiously—ideally after antibiotic treatment rather than preventively.
Research at UMW indicates that healthy guts mean a healthy brain. A well-balanced diet can therefore serve not only as prevention of metabolic diseases but also support mental fitness for many years.
