Nicolaus Copernicus (1473–1543), born in Toruń into a wealthy merchant family, was an outstanding astronomer, mathematician, lawyer, and physician. Thanks to the support of his uncle, Łukasz Watzenrode, Bishop of Warmia, he studied in Kraków, Bologna, Padua, and Ferrara, where he gained knowledge in astronomy, canon law, medicine, and Greek philology. As a canon of Warmia, he devoted his life to the Diocese of Warmia, where he developed the heliocentric theory, which revolutionized science and changed the perception of the universe. He was also an economist, author of a treatise on money, and administrator of the chapter’s estates, who also organized the defense of Olsztyn during the war with the Teutonic Knights. His work “De revolutionibus orbium coelestium” became the foundation of modern astronomy.