A team of researchers from Poland, the United States, and the United Kingdom, led by Dr. Piotr Chmielewski from the Wrocław Medical University, has published a comprehensive review of what we know about aging and age-related diseases. The main conclusion is clear: aging can be slowed down, and perhaps even partially reversed. 

The publication highlights that aging is not merely the result of time passing but a biological process that leads to the gradual loss of the body’s integrity. On a cellular and molecular level, it results from factors such as DNA damage, oxidative stress, epigenetic changes, and weakened repair mechanisms. A key role in this process is played by so-called senescent cells—aging cells that do not undergo apoptosis but continue to remain metabolically active. These cells may contribute to the development of chronic inflammation and age-related diseases. 

The review also addresses controversial issues related to anti-aging drugs, such as metformin and senolytics. While these substances show potential for slowing aging processes in theory, there is still a lack of solid evidence for their effectiveness in healthy individuals. Clinical trials are currently underway (including the TAME project), which may help resolve these uncertainties in the future. 

The best-documented anti-aging strategies—according to the authors—remain surprisingly simple: regular physical activity, a balanced diet, avoiding harmful substances, and nurturing social relationships. These interventions are the most effective in reducing the risk of chronic diseases and premature death. 

Source: Wrocław Medical University